弓形虫依钙蛋白激酶Calpain—like基因的克隆及表达

目的克隆弓形虫RH株Calpain—like基因片段，构建原核表达载体，诱导表达Calpain-like基因重组蛋白。方法收集、纯化弓形虫RH株速殖子，提取总RNA，在设计合成的引物中引入SalI和EcoRI酶切位点。应用FIT—PCR扩增弓形虫RH株Calpain—like基因片段，插入pGEM—T载体，提取重组质粒，双酶切获得目的基因，亚克隆到原核表达质粒pET32a，重组子经双酶切、PCR和DNA序列分析鉴定，转化大肠杆菌BL21并以IPTG诱导表达。结果从弓形虫RH株速殖子eDNA中扩增出316bp的Calpain-like基因片段；含pET32a／Calpain—like的重组质粒在宿主菌经诱导后，获得与预期分子量相符的表达产物。结论成功地克隆和表达弓形虫RH株Calpain—like基因，弓形虫Calpain—like基因的克隆表达为进一步筛选弓形虫疫苗候选分子和治疗药物的靶位提供了研究基础。     

1994-2005年汕头市濠江区伤寒流行病学分析

目的 分析1994-2005年濠江区伤寒流行规律,为有效预防和控制伤寒的发生与流行提供依据.方法 对1994-2005年濠江区伤寒疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析.结果 12年来,共发病565例,年平均发病率为26.56/10万,各年发病率在9.25/10万～56.29/10万之间.全年均可发病,3～8月份发病率偏高,占65.31%;性别没有明显差别;20～59岁的青壮年发病率较高,占发病总数的69.91%;职业分布以待业或家务人员、农民、工人、学生为主,占发病总数的86.02%.结论 濠江区伤寒发病率仍处于相对较高水平,应采取有效措施防制.     

一个家族性高胆固醇血症家系的基因突变筛查与评估

目的：对一个临床诊断的家族性高胆固醇血症（FH）家系进行全基因组外显子测序，以寻找该家系的致病基因。方法：采集该家系成员外周静脉血样本，检测血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）这四项指标，并提取白细胞DNA进行全基因组外显子测序，筛选出4个FH相关基因LDLR、APOB、PCSK9、LDLRAP1的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点情况并进行生物信息学分析，采用Polyphen-2和SIFT软件对SNP位点进行致病性分析。结果：该家系APOB基因的SNP位点rs676210、rs679899、c.10094A > T和c.9937C > G均可能与血脂增高有关，但这些位点均不与疾病表型共分离。经Polyphen-2和SIFT软件预测未发现LDLR，PCSK9和LDLRAP1基因的致病性变异。结论：该FH家系存在可能与血脂增高相关的APOB基因SNP位点，其功能尚需进一步的实验验证。     

Impact of serum uric acid on subclinical myocardial injury in general population

Background and aimsHyperuricemia is widely thought as a risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) and all-cause mortality; however, the relation of serum uric acid (sUA) and subclinical myocardial injury (SCeMI) remains unclear. We hypothesize that sUA is associated with subclinical myocardial injury.Methods and resultsA total of 5880 adult individuals (57.9 ± 13.0 years, 54.23% women) without known cardiovascular disease from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III were included. Determined by Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) from 12-lead electrocardiogram, SCeMI was defined by CIIS ≥10 units. The relationship between sUA and SCeMI was analyzed by using logistic regression models and the smooth curve fitting. Subgroup analyses were conducted. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the smooth curve fitting revealed a non-linear relationship between sUA level and SCeMI. When sUA was above the inflection point 266.5 μmol/L, each 100 unit increase in sUA increase the risk of SCeMI by 15%. In women group, when sUA>340.3 μmol/L, each 100 unit increase in sUA increase the risk of SCeMI by 71%, but no significant correlation was observed in men group.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that sUA is an independent risk factor for subclinical myocardial injury after adjusting for potential confounding variables, and existence of such an association in women only, which require more random control trials to confirm the strategy of cardiovascular disease prevention based on sUA reduction in female.     

2015—2018年深圳市南山区老年伤害医院监测患者特征分析

目的分析2015—2018年深圳市南山区老年人伤害监测病例分布及特征,为预防控制老年伤害发生提供依据。方法通过伤害监测系统收集2015—2018年间因伤害首次在深圳市南山区伤害监测哨点医院急诊室就诊的60岁及以上老年病例资料,并进行描述性分析。结果共收集老年伤害病例10616例,男女性别比为1∶1.35;伤害发生原因前五位依次为跌倒/坠落(57.12%)、动物伤(13.97%)、刀/锐器伤(10.41%)、钝器伤(8.18%)、道路交通伤害(7.56%)。动物伤在各年份的占比呈逐年上升的趋势;伤害发生地点主要为家中(45.71%);伤害发生时以进行休闲活动时为主(67.96%);伤害性质以挫伤/擦伤(45.79%)、锐器伤/咬伤/开放伤(28.23%)、骨折(12.79%)居多;伤害严重程度多数为伤势较轻,预后良好。结论老年伤害多发于女性,跌倒/坠落、动物伤及道路交通伤害是老年群体伤害防控的重点。     

汕头市2004～2005年医疗卫生单位消毒监测分析

目的 了解汕头市各级医疗卫生单位消毒效果，为科学指导医院消毒工作、预防和控制医院感染提供科学依据。方法按卫生部《消毒技术规范》、《医疗消毒卫生标准》（GB1598221995）和《消毒与灭菌效果的评价方法与标准》（GB1598121995）的方法和要求，于2004—2005年对市、区（县）、镇三级医疗卫生单位进行了消毒效果监测。结果 共监测使用中消毒剂、医务人员手、紫外线灯、物体表面、空气中细菌、灭菌物品、压力蒸汽灭菌器等各种样品共4452份，合格4072份，平均合格率91．46％；2004年和2005年监测样品数各为1873份和2579份，合格率各为91．83％和91．20％。二者差异无显著性（P〉0．05），市、区（县）和镇三级医疗卫生单位的合格率依次为93．83％、93．01％、85．37％，三者差异有高度显著性（P〈0．01）；7类监测样品中合格率最高的是使用中消毒剂（99．42％），最低的是空气中细菌含量（82．26％）。结论 汕头市各级医疗卫生单位消毒效果不平衡，镇级医院是今后消毒监测的重点，同时应加强空气消毒工作的落实。     

汕头市濠江区1994～2005年甲型肝炎疫情分析

目的 分析1994～2005年濠江区甲型肝炎流行规律，为有效预防和控制甲型肝炎的发生、流行提供依据。方法 对1994～2005年濠江区甲型肝炎疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 12年共发病313例，年平均发病率为14．72／10万，年发病率呈下降趋势。一年四季均可发病，4～9月份发病率偏高；20～59岁的青中年发病数较多，占总发病数的59．74％；职业以工人、学生、农民为主，占总发病数的84．35％；男性发病明显高于女性，男女发病数比例为1．87：1。结论 改变不良的饮食习惯，有计划开展甲肝疫苗预防接种是降低甲型肝炎发病率的主要措施。     

Influenza as an issue on the agenda of policy makers and government representatives What can we do? What do we need?

Influenza vaccinations and antiviral drugs are the foundation of epidemic and pandemic preparedness, but only close collaboration between public health authorities and industry can achieve the necessary production levels and ensure the smooth distribution necessary to protect European citizens from this public health scourge. To focus the minds of all public health stakeholders, ESWI has translated these simple facts into clear achievable goals: it recommends that EU governments vaccinate one-third of their populations by 2010 and stockpile antiviral drugs for 20% of their citizens while promoting public-private partnerships. The scientific justification behind this objective is easily understood namely that while the annual flu shot protects against three viral strains,the pandemic vaccine will focus on only the one highly lethal virus. As a result if countries succeed in meeting the target to vaccine one-third of the EU-25 population with a trivalent vaccine, sufficient monovalent pandemic vaccine could be produced to vaccinate almost the entire EU-25 population at least once. Achieving these objectives would go far to containing the pandemic and ensuring necessary treatment to avoid needless deaths and social and economic disruption. It would also signal that influenza preparedness had become part of the European mindset. Relying on the technique of force-field analysis organised by professional facilitators the session asked government representatives and policy makers to identify existing factors that either provide support for the objectives or hinder progress.     

汕头市濠江区甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况

目的了解汕头市濠江区甲型H1N1流感感染状况,为防控措施提供科学依据。方法在2010年1-9月期间,开展3次人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况横断面调查,采用血凝抑制法检测居民甲型H1N1流感病毒血清抗体,对结果进行统计分析。结果 3次人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染血清学检测,共检测480人,总阳性率为15%,各月份阳性率逐次下降（1月为20%、3月为15.2%、9月为9.4%）;各年龄组人群中,6～岁组阳性率（30.2%）最高,16～岁组阳性率（15.1%）次之,0～岁组幼儿阳性率（8.3%）再次之,≥60岁老人组阳性率（6.3%）最低。结论濠江区人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染率较低,人群免疫屏障尚未完全建立,适当接种甲流疫苗仍有必要。     

性别和体质量指数对儿童血压及轨迹的影响

目的探讨性别和体质量指数对儿童血压及其轨迹的影响。方法选取6～8岁小学一年级学生1580例,男858例,女722例,测定血压、身高、体质量,随访3年,分析性别和体质量指数对儿童血压及轨迹的影响。结果全部受测者初复测血压密切相关,收缩压(SBP)的相关系数为0.370,舒张压(DBP)的为0.220。男性组SBP和DBP初复测值密切相关(SBP、DBP的相关系数分别为0.638、0.391,均P<0.01),且相关系数高于女性组(SBP、DBP的相关系数分别为0.108、0.112,P<0.01)。男性组SBP在血压偏低组、正常组、偏高组原百分位数维持率分别为61%、73%、65%,显著高于女性(27%、47%、31%),均P<0.01;体质量指数与血压密切相关,但是体质量指数的变化与血压的变化相关性较弱,排除了体质量指数的影响后,初复测血压的相关系数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论6～8岁儿童男性血压轨迹现象比女性显著,体质量指数与血压密切相关,但是儿童血压的轨迹现象不受体质量指数影响,受遗传因素调节的可能性大。